Allergy

Asthma is a chronic disease involving the airways in the lungs. These airways, or bronchial tubes, allow air to come in and out of the lungs. For many asthma sufferers, the timing of these symptoms is closely related to physical activity and some otherwise healthy people can develop asthma symptoms only when exercising. People with a family history of allergies or asthma are more prone to developing asthma. Many people with asthma also have allergies. This is called allergic asthma.

The global asthma therapeutics market accounted for USD 20.7 billion as of 2015 and is anticipated to exhibit a sluggish growth rate of 2.2% over the forecast period. This is attributed to the generic erosion faced by leading brands. On the other hand, increasing incidences of respiratory diseases coupled with the demand for cost-effective treatment options is expected to drive the asthma therapeutics market growth during the forecast period from 2016 to 2024.

A biological marker is a physical sign or laboratory measurement that can function as a sign of biological or pathophysiological processes or as a riposte to a therapeutic intervention. Determining IgE of IgG in serum has been proved to be too unresponsive and too non-specific to identify individuals with sensitization, with and without clinical symptoms.

The biomarkers market is projected to reach USD 53.34 Billion by 2021 from USD 27.95 Billion in 2016, growing at a CAGR of 13.8% during the forecast period (2016–2021). The biomarkers market is segmented on the basis of product, type, application, disease indication, and region. On the basis of product, the biomarkers market is segmented into consumables, services, and software. The consumables segment is estimated to account for the largest share of the global biomarkers market in 2016. The large share of this segment is primarily attributed to the lower price of consumables than that of screening and automation instruments.

Virology is one of the rapidly emerging fields of biotechnology and microbiology which deals with the study of viruses and viral infections. Viruses are small microscopic particles that are incapable of reproducing on their own and depend on the host for their very survival. They are responsible for a variety of infections and diseases. Some of the viral infections are deadly and life-threatening. There are several branches in virology like molecular virology, neurovirology, veterinary virology etc.

Allergy is one of the most adverse immune reaction faced worldwide by people which is next accompanied by inflammation. The set of conditions caused by Hypersensitivity of the immune system in response to any foreign substance is allergy/ allergic diseases. It may arise due to genetic or environmental factors. The causative agents are termed as allergen and they may be food, drug, dust, pollen, animal dander &fur etc. varying for each individual. Mostly allergen immunotherapy is the advanced therapeutics method to treat the allergies. Allergic and Inflammatory Reactions are caused by the immune system but if the reaction becomes adverse then the condition becomes chronic for an individual. The causative agents for such adverse reactions could be genetic, environmental, pathogenic and synthetic compounds. The localised body part which gets red, swollen, hot and painful after an injury or infection is an condition termed as inflammation and it might be due to allergy: Allergic inflammation or due to tumour. Inflammation can be acute or chronic and it consists of different types based on the part of inflammation.

Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics Market is expected to garner $106.1 billion by 2020, registering a CAGR of 5.9% during the forecast period 2015-2020. Inflammation is triggered by the defence system of the body in response to harmful stimuli, damaged cells, irritants and microorganisms. Inflammation is the mechanism of innate immunity, which seeks to eliminate the cause of injury, clear dead and necrotic cells and heal injured tissues.

Each immune component has its own mechanism pathways for production and function. Molecular and cellular factors involved in these mechanisms must also be studied to get an insight on the immune system and discover solutions for any immune disorders. Molecular and cellular mechanisms which mediate allergic inflammation involve several multiple mediators, cell type and lymphocytes/ interleukins pathways. Allergy or allergic diseases is caused due to hypersensitivity of immune system in response to the genetics or environmental factors. The allergy is of different types with difference mechanism for each. The symptoms range from Rhinitis, inflammation, Allergic urticaria, Atopic eczema, Conjunctivitis, Angioedema and Anaphylaxis. The cure for several involves therapies, vaccines, Antihistamines, Decongestants, Moisturizing creams (emollients) and Steroid medication.

Allergic diseases include anaphylaxis, food allergies, forms of asthma, conjunctivitis, eczema, eosinophilic disorders, and drug & insect allergies. According to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), an estimated hay fever prevalence in 13 to 14 year old children was approximately 22.1% globally, with 29.5% in Africa, 23.9% in Asia, 15.8% in the Indian subcontinent, 23.7% in Latin America, 33.3% in North America, 12.3% in Northern & Eastern Europe, 39.8% in the Oceania, and 21.2% in the Western Europe. It is essential for patients to receive an accurate diagnosis of hay fever. In addition, food allergies are on the rise. An estimated 17 million Europeans have food allergies. Furthermore, the latest diagnostic strategies for allergies and research on new approaches for treatment are expected to drive the market.

Immunity of every individual varies hence the immune reaction by a person to specific food or medication will be different in concern with another individual. Drug allergy is the abnormal reaction of the immune system to any medication. Individuals have shown allergy to certain drugs like penicillin, ibuprofen, aspirin and certain antibiotics. In most of the cases the reaction is mild but some are severe leading to shock and life danger. The general symptoms are hives, fever and rash. Employing the substitute medication, antihistamines, bronchodilators are some treatment methods. Food allergy is immune reaction developed by the body in response to specific food and food component. Few Individuals show allergy after consumption of foods like peanuts, fruit, shellfish, eggs, soy or cow's milk due to certain compound in these foods triggering the immune reaction. Several cases of food allergy are seen epigenetically and cause is still unknown. Symptoms include skin rashes, swelling and itching inside the mouth.

The global drug allergy market can be segmented based on diagnosis, type, treatment, and end-user. In terms of diagnosis, the market can be categorized into blood tests, skin tests, patch test, and others. Based on type, the global drug allergy market can be bifurcated into immunologic and non-immunologic. Immunologic is divided into type I, type II, type III, and type IV reactions. Non-immunologic allergy is divided into predictable and unpredictable allergies. Based on end-user, the global drug allergy market can be segmented into hospitals, medical research centers, clinics, academic institutes, and others.

Skin and Eye are surface barriers of the body. Skin irritations can be seen due to immune system disorders, medications and infections. Any foreign agent can trigger the immune system upon contacting itself with the surface barriers like skin, eye etc. Upon contact or dust, contact allergy and dust allergy can arise in the eye or skin. Hypersensitivity of immune response due to foreign agent aggravating the skin and conjunctiva causes skin allergy (Atopic dermatitis or contact dermatitis) and Eye allergy (Ocular allergy) respectively. Conjunctiva is the sensitive membrane covering the eye and the eyelid and eye allergy or the ocular allergy is also termed as allergic conjunctivitis as an allergen firstly irritates the conjunctiva. Mostly all the allergies are severe due to the excess production and overreaction of antibodies mainly Immunoglobulin E (IgE).The symptoms and treatment options slightly vary among the two types of allergy. Causes depend on the allergen and they are mostly self-diagnosable.

The market for allergy skin test is driven by an increasing prevalence of allergies such as rhinitis, asthma and allergic conjunctivitis, increasing number of patients with drug allergy, and growing demand of allergy testing across the globe. Furthermore, accurate and reliable results of allergy skin tests further boost the market growth.

Best way to prevent an allergy is allergen avoidance. Several food allergens like peanuts, seafood, milk, egg, and soybean can be avoided. Drug allergens, dust and pet animals can also be avoided to be allergic free. Other prevention methods involve exclusive breast feeding for 1st 4 months of life, inclusion of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Omega-3 polyunsaturated oils and good probiotic bacteria in diet, use of Leukotriene receptor antagonists, steroid sprays, Decongestants etc. Vaccination, Immunotherapy and transplantation are now the widely used approaches towards allergy and immune disorders therapy. Gene therapy is the advanced therapeutic approach to fight allergy and immune disorders.

The report "Fraud Detection and Prevention Market by Solution (Fraud Analytics and Authentication), Service, Application Area (Insurance Claim, Money Laundering, Electronic Payment, and Mobile Payment), Organization Size, Vertical, and Region - Global Forecast to 2022", The FDP market is expected to grow from USD 16.62 Billion in 2017 to USD 41.59 Billion by 2022, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 20.1%.

The invasion of foreign organism on a host body for its growth and multiplication is termed as infection. The infection can lead to infectious diseases/ transmissible disease/ communicable disease. The infection can be caused by any infectious agents and their toxins causing several immune reactions like allergy, inflammation etc. Immune or allergic reactions arise upon infection due to the role of Host immune system to maintain immunity in the body. The infectious agents may be bacteria, virus, fungus, parasites, protozoans etc. As the agents vary, so does the route of transmission to enter into the host body and also the diseases, diagnosis and treatments. The immunity of an individual must be well enough to combat such infections. Immunity will be innately present in an individual from the mother through placenta and also later on through breast milk. Immunity will also be acquired by an individual during his/her lifetime through exposure to several allergens, microorganisms and foreign substances.

The global immune health supplements market is expected to witness substantial growth during the forecast period. Market growth is primarily driven by an increase in consumer awareness regarding various health issues, along with the increasing popularity of health and wellness. The immune health supplements market is expected to witness significant revenue growth over the forecast period, owing to the increasing consumer awareness about the benefits of dietary supplements, along with a rise in the population of baby boomers. The market is expected to be valued at more than US$ 14 Bn in the year 2017, while by the end of 2025, the global market for immune health supplements is likely to exceed a valuation of US$ 25 Bn, expanding at a CAGR of 7.0% during the projected period of eight years.

An allergic reaction to proteins found in an animal's skin cells, saliva or urine is veterinary allergy or Allergology. The pet hair, fur or proteins present in a pet's dander, skin flakes, saliva and urine can induce allergic reaction or cause asthma symptoms in some people. There are several case studies on pet allergies. Pet allergy is mostly seen towards cats and dogs as they are the most common pets worldwide. Cat allergy immunotherapy is widely used by cat lovers. Some cases have been seen where allergy reactions are seen to venom, bite and sting of insects and also to proteins found in animal products where the food allergy comes into picture too. The symptoms may vary among individuals ranging from sneezing, Runny or stuffy nose, Facial pain, Coughing, chest tightness, skin rash or hives to shortness of breath and wheezing

The veterinary diagnostics market is expected to reach USD 4.00 billion by 2023 from an estimated USD 2.63 billion in 2018, at a CAGR of 8.8 %. Factors such as growing companion animal population, growing prevalence of animal zoonotic diseases, rising demand for animal-derived food products, rising demand for pet insurance & growing animal health expenditure, and the increasing number of veterinary practitioners and income levels in developed economies are expected to drive the growth of the veterinary diagnostics market.

Immunotherapy is one of the preventive treatment method employed against allergy and other immune disorders like asthma, rhinitis, cancer etc. The method involves several types depending on the causes and action for example either the method can prompt the immune system or just provide components and support the immune system. It can be activated, suppressed, helminthic, subcutaneous, sublingual and adjuvant immunotherapy. Disorders caused by the deficiency, failure or aberrant action of immune system or the malignant tumour growth in the immune system are immune disorders. They are several type’s namely immunodeficiency disorders (primary and secondary), Allergies and Autoimmune diseases. They are caused by agents like Foods, Latex, Medications, Allergens, Genetics, Pathogenic infections, Stress, Environmental factors and Toxins interacting with proteins.

The global cancer immunotherapy market is expected to reach USD 119.39 Billion by 2021 from USD 61.9 Billion in 2016, at a CAGR of 14.0% from 2016 to 2021. Factors such as increasing incidence of cancer and rising healthcare expenditure are driving the growth of this market. In this report, the global cancer immunotherapy market has been segmented based on type, application, end user, and region. On the basis of type, the market has been segmented into monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and immunomodulators. The monoclonal antibodies segment is expected to account for the largest share of the market in 2016, while the checkpoint inhibitors segment is projected to witness the highest CAGR from 2016 to 2021. The high growth in this segment is primarily attributed to the high success rate of these inhibitors.

Dermatology methods can enhance the presence of the skin by adjusting skin defects, for example, skin inflammation, scars, and wrinkles. Dermatologists can likewise treat skin conditions that may not really be destructive, but rather can influence or even deform the appearance. Dermatologic surgery manages the analysis and treatment of restoratively fundamental and corrective states of the skin, hair, nails, veins, mucous layers and neighbouring tissues by different surgical, reconstructive, restorative and non-surgical strategies.

The global skincare market is fast growing and expansive, ranging from cosmetic products, to over-the-counter drugs, to prescription drugs. The global dermatology market (OTC and prescription) is vast and evolving quickly with forecasts that indicate a global market of €81.9 billion in 2028, growing significantly from €44.1 billion in 2018. The cosmetic skincare market size was valued at €130 billion in 2016.

Allergies are among the most common conditions affecting children. Child’s immune system fights against infections. If a child has allergies, their immune system wrongly reacts to things that are usually harmless. Pet dander, pollen, dust, mold spores, insect stings, food, and medications are examples of such things. This reaction may cause their body to reciprocate with health problems such as asthma, hay fever, hives, eczema (a rash), or a very severe and unusual reaction called anaphylaxis.

Pediatrics is a branch of medicine which deals with the health, growth, and development of infants, children, and adolescents. According to the report, the global pediatric health care products and services market was valued at around US$ 88,000 Mn and US$ 520,000 Mn, respectively, in 2017 and is projected to expand at a CAGR of around 4.5% and 5.5%, respectively, from 2018 to 2026. Unhealthy lifestyle habits and rise in obese paediatric population propel the paediatric health care products and services market. 

Clinical Immunology is a branch of Immunology which deals with clinical disorders at the molecular and cellular levels. Allergy involves an exaggerated response of the immune system, often to common substances such as foods or pollen. The immune system is a complex system that normally defends the body against foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses, while also surveying for conditions such as cancer and autoimmunity. Allergens are substances that are foreign to the body and that cause an allergic reaction.

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases are a common set of chronic disorders that affect 5–7% of people in Western populations. Although they are often disparate in terms of their symptoms and key patient demographics, they are pathophysiologically linked, being characterised by dysregulation of immune pathways and an inappropriate immune response. The immunology drugs market is projected to grow from $65.1bn in 2016 to $113bn in 2023, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2%. The market size in the US is expected to increase from $38.3bn in 2016 to $59.8bn in 2023 at a CAGR of 6.58%, accounting for half of the global immunology market.

Nourishing Immunology gone for seeing how eat less carbs and nutritious variables impact the resistant reactions, in this manner directing wellbeing and malady results. Past giving fundamental supplements, eating routine can effectively impact the resistant framework. Actually happening mixes like linoleic corrosive, abscisic corrosive, polyunsaturated unsaturated fats, resveratrol, curcumin, limonin, Vitamin E, Vitamin An, and Vitamin D regulate insusceptible reactions.

According to new market research the report "Nutritional Analysis Market by Parameter, Product Type (Beverages, Bakery & Confectionery, Snacks, Dairy & Desserts, Meat & Poultry, Sauces, Dressings, Condiments, Fruits & Vegetables, Baby Food), Objective, and Region - Global Forecast to 2022", the nutritional analysis market is to reach USD 5.99 Billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 8.2% from 2017. The market for nutritional analysis is driven owing to the rise in consumer awareness, implementation of food safety & nutritional labelling regulations, globalization of food trade, and advancement in technology.

Immunotoxicology is the study of immune dysfunction resulting from exposure of an organism to a xenobiotic. The immune dysfunction may take the form of immunosuppression or alternatively, allergy, autoimmunity or any number of inflammatory-based diseases or pathologies. Because the immune system plays a critical role in host resistance to disease as well as in normal homeostasis of an organism, identification of immunotoxic risk is significant in the protection of human, animal and wildlife health.

Toxicology testing laboratories conduct sample testing to trace various controlled substances and to establish whether these substances are being excessively consumed. These tests are conducted on suspect samples, which include urine, hair, blood, and oral fluids. North America toxicology laboratories have been estimated to be valued at US$ 97.4 Mn in 2015, which is anticipated to increase to US$ 198.2 Mn revenue by 2022 at a CAGR of 11.1%. Factors such as growing abuse of controlled substances, increased intervention by government authorities, regulations to deter uncontrolled consumption of illicit drugs, and favourable reimbursement policies for conducting toxicity testing across workplaces are expected to drive the growth of the toxicology laboratories market in North America.

Immunotherapy is an exceptionally dynamic territory of tumour research. Numerous researchers and specialists around the globe are concentrating better approaches to utilize immunotherapy to treat disease. Some of these are talked about here. Immunization is a natural readiness that enhances insusceptibility to specific illness. It contains specific specialists that looks like a sickness causing microorganism as well as empowers body's resistant framework to perceive the remote operators

The report "Vaccines Market by Technology (Live, Toxoid, Recombinant), Disease (Pneumococcal, Influenza, DTP, HPV, Hepatitis, Meningococcal, Rotavirus, Polio, MMR, Varicella, Dengue), Route (IM/SC, Oral), Patient (Pediatric, Adult), Type - Global Forecast to 2023", The vaccines market is expected to reach USD 50.42 billion by 2023 from USD 36.45 billion in 2018, at a CAGR of 6.7%. The growth of the market is attributed to the rising prevalence of diseases, increasing government and nongovernment funding for vaccine development, and increasing companies initiatives to enhance R&D.

Nanomedicine includes the development of nanoparticles, nanostructured surfaces and nanoanalytical techniques for molecular diagnostics, treatment, follow up and therapy of diseases (theranostics), as well as integrated medical nanosystems, which, in future, may perform monitoring and complex repairs in the body at the cellular level. Nanotechnology considers cells as a complex system of interacting nanoengines. Visionary concepts suggest the construction and control of artificial cells using engineered nanodevices and nanostructures for medical applications.

Global Nanomedicine Market accounted for $111,912 million in 2016, and is anticipated to reach $261,063 million by 2023, registering a CAGR of 12.6% from 2017 to 2023. Nanomedicine is one of the applications of nanotechnology used in diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and control of biological systems. Nanomedicine uses nanoscale manipulation of materials to improve medicine delivery. Thus, nanomedicine has facilitated the treatment against various diseases. Nanomedicine is in nascent stage, as several products are in the development phase.

Contamination is the intrusion of a living being's body tissues by ailment causing specialists, their increase, and the response of host tissues to these life forms and the poisons they produce. Diseases are caused by irresistible specialists including infections, viroids, prions, microorganisms, nematodes. For example, parasitic roundworm sand pinworms, arthropods. For example, ticks, bugs, insects, and lice, organisms. For example, ringworm, and different macro parasites. For example, tapeworms and different helminths. A contamination caused by microorganisms. The development of numerous ailment causing microscopic organisms can be stopped by the utilization of anti-toxins.

The gastrointestinal tract is a lymphoid organ, and the lymphoid tissue within it is referred to as the gut-associated lymphoid tissue or GALT. Gastrointestinal allergy is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction of the digestive system after the ingestion of certain foods or drugs. GI allergy varies from food allergy, which can affect other organ systems. Distinctive symptoms constitute itching and swelling of the mouth and oral passages, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. Gastrointestinal food allergy also urges a challenge to the clinician because of its mutable symptomatology and lack of accurate diagnostic tests.

The global gastrointestinal therapeutics market size is expected to reach USD 65.1 billion by 2025, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc., registering a 6.6% CAGR during the forecast period. Growing geriatric population prone to gastrointestinal indications is one of the key factors anticipated to contribute to market growth. According to a report by WHO, colon cancer caused nearly 694,000 deaths in 2014.